- Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D threshold and risk of rickets in young children: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis to inform the development of dietary requirements for vitamin D
- VitaminDWiki – Overview of Rickets and vitamin D contains
- VitaminDWiki – 30 ng of Vitamin D needed to stop rickets
- VitaminDWiki – Nutritional Rickets associated with vitamin D levels less than 19 or perhaps 26 ng – April 2021
- VitaminDWiki – Sunshine can prevent rickets – Poland 1822
- VitaminDWiki – Vitamin D and Rickets consensus took 80 years – how long till consensuses on 30 other health problems – Feb 2016
- VitaminDWiki – Rickets almost eradicated in counties giving free Vitamin D, perhaps the world can learn – Dec 2019
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D threshold and risk of rickets in young children: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis to inform the development of dietary requirements for vitamin D
Eur J Nutr 2024 Jan 27. doi: 10.1007/s00394-023-03299-2
Magali Rios-Leyvraz 1, Tom D Thacher 2, Aashima Dabas 3, Heba Hassan Elsedfy 4, Giampiero I Baroncelli 5, Kevin D Cashman 6
Purpose: The objective of this systematic review was to determine a minimum serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) threshold based on the risk of having rickets in young children. This work was commissioned by the WHO and FAO within the framework of the update of the vitamin D requirements for children 0-3 years old.
Methods: A systematic search of Embase was conducted to identify studies involving children below 4 years of age with serum 25OHD levels and radiologically confirmed rickets, without any restriction related to the geographical location or language. Study-level and individual participant data (IPD)-level random effects multi-level meta-analyses were conducted. The odds, sensitivity and specificity for rickets at different serum 25OHD thresholds were calculated for all children as well as for children with adequate calcium intakes only.
Results: A total of 120 studies with 5412 participants were included. At the study-level, children with rickets had a mean serum 25OHD of 23 nmol/L (95% CI 19-27). At the IPD level, children with rickets had a median and mean serum 25OHD of 23 and 29 nmol/L, respectively. More than half (55%) of the children with rickets had serum 25OHD below 25 nmol/L, 62% below 30 nmol/L, and 79% below 40 nmol/L. Analysis of odds, sensitivities and specificities for nutritional rickets at different serum 25OHD thresholds suggested a minimal risk threshold of around 28 nmol/L for children with adequate calcium intakes and 40 nmol/L for children with low calcium intakes.
Conclusion: This systematic review and IPD meta-analysis suggests that from a public health perspective and to inform the development of dietary requirements for vitamin D, a minimum serum 25OHD threshold of around 28 nmol/L and above would represent a low risk of nutritional rickets for the majority of children with an adequate calcium intake.
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VitaminDWiki – Overview of Rickets and vitamin D contains
Rate of rickets is usually < 0.1% of births, unless dark skin or breastfed
Rate of rickets has greatly increased with the drop in vitamin D levels during the past 40 years
400 IU can prevent/treat most rickets Turkey gave vitamin D to EVERY child and eliminated Rickets
A low serum level of vitamin D does not indicate rickets
Sometimes rickets is also associated with a poor vitamin D receptor
Giving enough Vitamin D to the mother PREVENTS Rickets
Rate of rickets in some countries varies from 10% to 70% (typically poor health overall)
Rickets has been more than doubling in many countries
Rickets is strongly associated with severe breathing problems (weak ribs)
Bowed legs is not the primary indication of rickets (3 other indications of rickets are seen more often)
Some Rickets is due to poor genes - Vitamin D needed lifelong – June 2020
Vitamin D and Rickets consensus took 80 years
VitaminDWiki – 30 ng of Vitamin D needed to stop rickets
VitaminDWiki – Nutritional Rickets associated with vitamin D levels less than 19 or perhaps 26 ng – April 2021
VitaminDWiki – Sunshine can prevent rickets – Poland 1822
VitaminDWiki – Vitamin D and Rickets consensus took 80 years – how long till consensuses on 30 other health problems – Feb 2016
VitaminDWiki – Rickets almost eradicated in counties giving free Vitamin D, perhaps the world can learn – Dec 2019
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