Osteosarcopenia 4.5X more likely if low vitamin D - Dec 2023

Osteosarcopenia is a syndrome that occurs when someone has both osteoporosis and sarcopenia.
Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass and bone tissue deterioration.
Sarcopenia is characterized by a loss of muscle mass, strength, and function.

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Osteosarcopenia later in life: Prevalence and associated risk factors

Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023 Dec:58:213-220. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.08.030
Erika A Silveira 1, Guilherme Vinícius-Souza 2, Cristina Camargo Pereira 2, Cesar de Oliveira 3, Matias Noll 4, Valéria Pagotto 5

Background and aims: The identification of risk factors for osteosarcopenia in older adults is important for planning preventative strategies in clinical practice. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors associated with osteosarcopenia in older adults using different diagnostic criteria.

Methods: The sample included 171 community-dwelling older adults with a mean age of 79.4 ± 5.9 years and mean body mass index of 25.67 ± 4.70 kg/m2. We analyzed sociodemographic, biomarkers, lifestyle, and health condition data from participants of the "Projeto Idosos - Goiânia" cohort study. The outcome osteosarcopenia was defined as the simultaneous occurrence of sarcopenia and osteopenia. Osteopenia was diagnosed by low lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Sarcopenia was diagnosed using handgrip dynamometry and appendicular skeletal mass index assessed by DEXA following the criteria of the two European consensuses on sarcopenia (2010 and 2018). Two osteosarcopenia outcome variables were evaluated: OsteoSarc1 and OsteoSarc2 using the 2010 and 2018 European sarcopenia consensus criteria, respectively. Multivariate Poisson regression analysis was used to calculate the prevalence ratios (PRs).

Results: The prevalence of OsteoSarc1 and OsteoSarc2 were 12.8% and 7.2%, respectively, with no significant gender differences. OsteoSarc1 was associated with

• low potassium (PR: 3.39, 95% confidence interval CI: 1.10-10.43) and
• malnutrition (PR: 3.84, 95% CI: 1.78-8.30).

OsteoSarc2 was associated with

• being ≥80 years (PR: 7.64, 95% CI: 1.57-37.07),
• >4 years of education (PR: 3.25, 95% CI: 1.03-10.22),
• alcohol consumption (PR: 2.41, 95% CI: 1.01-5.77),
• low potassium (PR: 2.22, 95% CI: 1.45-6.87),
• low serum vitamin D (PR: 4.47, 95% CI: 1.68-11.88), and
• malnutrition (PR: 5.00, 95% CI: 1.06-23.51).

Conclusions: OsteoSarc1 had a higher prevalence. The risk factors associated with the two outcomes were malnutrition and potassium level, as well as other risk factors, such as alcohol consumption and low vitamin D level. These findings may contribute to the prevention or treatment of this health condition in older adults.
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VitaminDWiki – Overview Osteoporosis and vitamin D contains

• FACT: Bones need Calcium (this has been known for a very long time)
• FACT: Vitamin D improves Calcium bioavailability (3X ?)
• FACT: Should not take > 750 mg of Calcium if taking lots of vitamin D (Calcium becomes too bio-available)
• FACT: Adding vitamin D via Sun, UV, or supplements increased vitamin D in the blood
• FACT: Vitamin D supplements are very low cost
• FACT: Many trials, studies. reviews, and meta-analysis agree: adding vitamin D reduces osteoporosis
• FACT: Toxic level of vitamin D is about 4X higher than the amount needed to reduce osteoporosis
• FACT: Co-factors help build bones.
• FACT: Vitamin D Receptor can restrict Vitamin D from getting to many tissues, such as bones
• It appears that to TREAT Osteoporosis:
•        Calcium OR vitamin D is ok
•        Calcium + vitamin D is good
•        Calcium + vitamin D + other co-factors is great
•        Low-cost Vitamin D Receptor activators sometimes may be helpful
• CONCLUSION: To PREVENT many diseases, including Osteoporosis, as well as TREAT Osteoporosis
• Category Osteoporosis has 215 items
• Category Bone Health has 307 items

Note: Osteoporosis causes bones to become fragile and prone to fracture
  Osteoarthritis is a disease where damage occurs to the joints at the end of the bones

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VitaminDWiki – Osteoporosis category contains

• 215 items in category - see also Overview Osteoporosis and vitamin D
• Overview Fractures and vitamin D
• Bone - Health 307 items
• VitaminDWiki pages with BONE MINERAL DENSITY or BMD in title 29+ pages
• Search VitaminDWiki for OSTEOPENIA 1740 items as of July 2020
• 13 articles are in both Osteroporosis and Vitamin D Receptor categories
• 9 articles are in both Osteroporosis and Meta-analysis categories
• 20X increase in vitamin D sold and 36 percent decrease in osteoporosis business in Australia – Nov 2013

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18+ VitaminDWiki pages have SARCOPENIA in the title

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