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Blacks with HIV were 3.5X more likely to be vitamin D deficient than whites – May 2012

Risk factors for vitamin D deficiency in HIV-infected patients in the south central United States.

AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2012 May;28(5):454-9. Epub 2011 Oct 19.
Crutchley RD, Gathe J Jr, Mayberry C, Trieu A, Abughosh S, Garey KW.
University of Houston, College of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Sciences and Administration, 1441 Moursund Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA. rdcrutchley at uh.edu

We evaluated the prevalence of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] deficiency and the risk factors for vitamin D deficiency in HIV-infected patients in the South-Central United States. The study consisted of a cross-sectional assessment of vitamin D levels in HIV-infected patients receiving routine clinical care from a private practice in Houston, Texas (latitude 29°N). Vitamin D deficiency was defined as 25(OH)D less than 20?ng/ml (<50?nmol/liter). Two-hundred enrolled patients were surveyed with a vitamin D questionnaire to determine daily supplemental vitamin D intake, dietary vitamin D intake, and average sunlight exposure (minutes/day). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine significant risk factors for vitamin D deficiency. Median 25(OH)D was 15.5?ng/ml (interquartile range 10.9-24.6) for the total population (n=200).

Approximately, two-thirds (64%) of patients had vitamin D deficiency and 20.5% had severe vitamin D deficiency [25(OH)D <10?ng/ml or <25?nmol/liter]. In univariate analysis, African-American race, current tobacco use, increased body mass index (BMI), lower serum calcium level, no supplemental vitamin D use, and low daily supplemental and total daily vitamin D intake were significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency.

In multivariate analysis, African-American race [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 3.53 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.83-6.82)], higher BMI [AOR 1.07 (95% CI 1.002-1.139)], and low daily vitamin D supplemental intake [AOR 0.997 (95% CI 0.996-0.999)] were significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency. No HIV factors including antiretroviral class use were significantly associated with either vitamin D deficiency or severe vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D deficiency and severe vitamin D deficiency were highly prevalent in this HIV population. In the HIV population, African-Americans or patients with a high BMI may benefit from vitamin D supplementation.

PMID: 21878055
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See also VitaminDWiki