Autism risks include chemicals, deficiency of vitamin D, Omega-3 – mini-review

Chemicals, Nutrition, and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Mini-Review

Frontiers in Neuroscience, doi: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00174

Takeo Fujiwara1’2*, Naho Morisaki1, Yukiko Honda1’3, Makiko Sampei 1 and Yukako Tani1’2’4

1 Department of Social Medicine, National Research institute for Child Health and Development, Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan,

2 Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan,

3 Global Cooperation institute for Sustainable Cities, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan,

4 Department of Health Education and Health Sociology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

The rapid increase of the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) suggests that exposure to chemicals may impact the development of ASD. Therefore, we reviewed literature on the following chemicals, nutrient to investigate their association with ASD: (1) smoke/tobacco, (2) alcohol, (3) air pollution, (4) pesticides, (5) endocrine-disrupting chemicals, (6) heavy metals, (7) micronutrients, (8) fatty acid, and (9) parental obesity as a proxy of accumulation of specific chemicals or nutritional status.

Several chemical exposures such as

  • air pollution (e.g., particular matter 2.5),

  • pesticides,

  • bisphenol A,

  • phthalates,

  • mercury, and

  • nutrition deficiency such as folic acid, vitamin D , or fatty acid

may possibly be associated with an increased risk of ASD,

whereas other traditional risk factors such as

  • smoking/tobacco,

  • alcohol, or

  • polychlorinated biphenyls

    are less likely to be associated with ASD .

Further research is needed to accumulate evidence on the association between chemical exposure and nutrient deficiencies and ASD in various doses and populations.

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Note: many of the Autism risk factors mentioned in the abstract decrease levels of vitamin D

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Tags: Autism Omega-3