79% increase in cancer under age 50 in 3 decades
Global trends in incidence, death, burden and risk factors of early-onset cancer from 1990 to 2019
Jianhui Zhao1, Liying Xu1, Jing Sun1, Mingyang Song2,3, Lijuan Wang4, Shuai Yuan5, Yingshuang Zhu6, Zhengwei Wan7, Susanna Larsson5,8, Konstantinos Tsilidis9,10, Malcolm Dunlop11,12, Harry Campbell5, Igor Rudan5, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0196-9759Peige Song13, Evropi Theodoratou4,11, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2380-3717Kefeng Ding6 and http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6880-2577Xue Li1,4
Objective This study aimed to explore the global burden of early-onset cancer based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study for 29 cancers worldwid.
Methods and analysis Incidence, deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and risk factors for 29 early-onset cancer groups were obtained from GBD.
Results Global
incidence of early-onset cancer increased by 79.1% and the
number of early-onset cancer deaths increased by 27.7% between 1990 and 2019.
Early-onset breast, tracheal, bronchus and lung, stomach and colorectal cancers showed the highest mortality and DALYs in 2019. Globally, the incidence rates of early-onset nasopharyngeal and prostate cancer showed the fastest increasing trend, whereas early-onset liver cancer showed the sharpest decrease. Early-onset colorectal cancers had high DALYs within the top five ranking for both men and women. High-middle and middle Sociodemographic Index (SDI) regions had the highest burden of early-onset cancer. The morbidity of early-onset cancer increased with the SDI, and the mortality rate decreased considerably when SDI increased from 0.7 to 1. The projections indicated that the global number of incidence and deaths of early-onset cancer would increase by 31% and 21% in 2030, respectively. Dietary risk factors (diet high in red meat, low in fruits, high in sodium and low in milk, etc), alcohol consumption and tobacco use are the main risk factors underlying early-onset cancers.
Conclusion Early-onset cancer morbidity continues to increase worldwide with notable variances in mortality and DALYs between areas, countries, sex and cancer types. Encouraging a healthy lifestyle could reduce early-onset cancer disease burden.
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