Vitamin d and cardiovascular disease.
Circ Res. 2014 Jan 17;114(2):379-93. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.113.301241.
Norman PE paul.norman@uwa.edu.au, Powell JT.
School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia (P.E.N.)
Vascular Surgery Research Group, Imperial College, Charing Cross Campus, London, United Kingdom (J.T.P.).
Vitamin D plays a classical hormonal role in skeletal health by regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Vitamin D metabolites also have physiological functions in nonskeletal tissues, where local synthesis influences regulatory pathways via paracrine and autocrine mechanisms. The active metabolite of vitamin D, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, binds to the vitamin D receptor that regulates numerous genes involved in fundamental processes of potential relevance to cardiovascular disease, including
- cell proliferation and differentiation,
- apoptosis,
- oxidative stress,
- membrane transport,
- matrix homeostasis, and
- cell adhesion.
Vitamin D receptors have been found in all the major cardiovascular cell types including *cardiomyocytes,
- arterial wall cells, and
- immune cells.
Experimental studies have established a role for vitamin D metabolites in pathways that are integral to cardiovascular function and disease, including
- inflammation,
- thrombosis, and the
- renin-angiotensin system.
Clinical studies have generally demonstrated an independent association between vitamin D deficiency and various manifestations of degenerative cardiovascular disease including vascular calcification.
However, the role of vitamin D supplementation in the management of cardiovascular disease remains to be established. This review summarizes the clinical studies showing associations between vitamin D status and cardiovascular disease and the experimental studies that explore the mechanistic basis for these associations.
PMID: 24436433
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See also VitaminDWiki
- Overview Cardiovascular and vitamin D
- Cardiovascular category list, including related categories and searches
- Best heart geometry associated with vitamin D of 30-37 ng – Oct 2012
- Major Heart attacks occur 40 percent more often if vitamin D lower than 7 ng – Feb 2013
- Magnesium prevents cardiovascular events – Meta-analysis March 2013