Dementia is associated with low vitamin D - many studies

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Vitamin D reduced Dementia in VA by 40% - Dr. Campbell March 2023

YouTube 18 minutes
reporting on Vitamin D supplementation and incident dementia: Effects of sex, APOE, and baseline cognitive status
which is in VitaminDWiki Dementia again associated with low Vitamin D – 15th study in 10 years – Jan 2023

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57+ Vitamin D pages containing "Dementia" in title

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VitaminDWiki - Overview Alzheimer's-Cognition and Vitamin D

has the following summary

• FACT: Cognitive decline is 19X more likely if low vitamin D
• FACT: Dementia is associated with low vitamin D levels.
• FACT: Alzheimer’s Dementia 2.3X more likely in elderly if low vitamin D – Dec 2022
• FACT: Dementia is associated with low vitamin D - many studies
• FACT: Alzheimer's Disease is 4X less likely if high vitamin D
• FACT: Every single risk factor listed for Alzheimer's Disease is also a risk factor for low vitamin D levels
• FACT: Elderly cognition gets worse as the elderly vitamin D levels get even lower (while in senior homes)
• OBSERVATION: Reports of increased vitamin D levels result in improved cognition
• OBSERVATION: Alzheimer’s patients 3X more likely to have a malfunctioning vitamin D receptor gene – 2012
• OBSERVATION: Alzheimer's Disease has been seen to halt when vitamin D was added.
• OBSERVATION: Alzheimer’s is associated with all 7 of the genes which restrict vitamin D
• OBSERVATION: 39 vitamin D and Alz. or Cognition intervention trials as of Sept 2018
• OBSERVATION: 2 Meta-analysis in 2012 agreed that Alzheimer's Disease. associated with low vitamin D
• OBSERVATION: 50X increase in Alzheimer's while decrease in vitamin D
• OBSERVATION: Vitamin D reduces Alzheimer’s disease in 11 ways
• OBSERVATION: Alzheimer’s cognition improved by 4,000 IU of vitamin D
• OBSERVATION: Plaque removed in mice by equiv. of 14,000 IU daily
• OBSERVATION: DDT (which decreases Vit D) increases risk of Alzheimer's by up to 3.8X
• OBSERVATION: 2% of people have 2 copies of the poor gene reference: Alz Org
• OBSERVATION: Genes do not change rapidly enough to account for the huge increase in incidence
• OBSERVATION: End of Alzheimer's videos, transcripts and many studies protocol has been very successful
  • It adjusts Vitamin D, B-12, Iron, Omega-3, food, etc, and can now be done at home.
• FACT: Vitamin D is extremely low cost and has very very few side effects
• CONCLUSION: Everyone concerned about cognitive decline or Alzheimer's Disease should take vitamin D
• PREDICTION MET: By 2024 Omega-3 and high dose Vitamin D will be found to reverse Alzheimer's in humans
  There are 13+ Alzheimer’s meta-analyses in VitaminDWiki
  There are 97+ Alzheimer’s studies in VitaminDWiki
  Dementia is associated with low vitamin D - many studies 50+ studies
  16+ studies in both categories Cognitive and Omega-3

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Dementia 1.8X more likely if low Vitamin D - April 2022

Vitamin D and brain health: an observational and Mendelian randomization study
Am J Clin Nutr . 2022 Apr 22;nqac107. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac107.
 Download the PDF from VitaminDWiki

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Vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor for dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis - 2017

BMC Geriatrics volume 17, Article number: 16 (2017)
Isolde Sommer, Ursula Griebler, Christina Kien, Stefanie Auer, Irma Klerings, Renate Hammer, Peter Holzer & Gerald Gartlehner
 Download the PDF from VitaminDWiki

Background
Sunlight exposure and high vitamin D status have been hypothesised to reduce the risk of developing dementia. The objective of our research was to determine whether lack of sunlight and hypovitaminosis D over time are associated with dementia.

Methods
We systematically searched MEDLINE (via PubMed), Cochrane Library, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, ICONDA, and reference lists of pertinent review articles from 1990 to October 2015. We conducted random effects meta-analyses of published and unpublished data to evaluate the influence of sunlight exposure or vitamin D as a surrogate marker on dementia risk.

Results
We could not identify a single study investigating the association between sunlight exposure and dementia risk. Six cohort studies provided data on the effect of serum vitamin D concentration on dementia risk. A meta-analysis of five studies showed a higher risk for persons with serious vitamin D deficiency (<25 nmol/L or 7–28 nmol/L) compared to persons with sufficient vitamin D supply (≥50 nmol/L or 54–159 nmol/L) (point estimate 1.54; 95% CI 1.19–1.99, I2 = 20%). The strength of evidence that serious vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of developing dementia, however, is very low due to the observational nature of included studies and their lack of adjustment for residual or important confounders (e.g. ApoE ε4 genotype), as well as the indirect relationship between Vitamin D concentrations as a surrogate for sunlight exposure and dementia risk.

Conclusions
The results of this systematic review show that low vitamin D levels might contribute to the development of dementia. Further research examining the direct and indirect relationship between sunlight exposure and dementia risk is needed. Such research should involve large-scale cohort studies with homogeneous and repeated assessment of vitamin D concentrations or sunlight exposure and dementia outcomes.

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Quality assessment of systematic reviews of vitamin D, cognition and dementia - 2018

BJPsych Open. 2018 Jul;4(4):238-249. doi: 10.1192/bjo.2018.32.
Aghajafari F1, Pond D2, Catzikiris N3, Cameron I4.

• 1 Assistant Professor, Dept of Family Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, U. of Calgary Sunridge Family Medicine Teaching Centre, Canada.
• 2 Professor and Head of Department of Family Medicine, University of Newcastle, Australia.
• 3 Research Assistant, School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Australia.
• 4 Professor, Northern Clinical School, Rehabilitation Studies Unit, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Australia.

BACKGROUND: There is conflicting evidence regarding the association of vitamin D with cognition performance and dementia.

Aims We aimed to summarise the evidence on the association of vitamin D with cognitive performance, dementia and Alzheimer disease through a qualitative assessment of available systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

METHOD: We conducted an overview of the systematic reviews of all study types with or without meta-analyses on vitamin D and either Alzheimer disease, dementia or cognitive performance up to June 2017.

RESULTS:
Eleven systematic reviews were identified, nine of which were meta-analyses with substantial heterogeneity, differing statistical methods, variable methodological quality and quality of data abstraction. A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews checklist scores ranged from 4 to 10 out of 11, with seven reviews of 'moderate' and four of 'high' methodological quality.
Out of six meta-analyses on the association between low serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and risk of dementia, five showed a positive association. Results of meta-analyses on the association between low serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and memory function tests showed conflicting results.

CONCLUSIONS:
This systematic evaluation of available systematic reviews provided a clearer understanding of the potential link between low serum vitamin D concentrations and dementia. This evaluation also showed that the quality of the available evidence is not optimal because of both the low methodological quality of the reviews and low quality of the original studies. Interpretation of these systematic reviews should therefore be made with care.

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VITAMIN D AND DEMENTIA - 2016

J Prev Alz Dis 2016;3(1):43-52 http://dx.doi.org/10.14283/jpad.2015.68 full text and graphics at the website
T.J. Littlejohns1,2, K. Kos2, W.E. Henley2, E. Kuźma2, D.J. Llewellyn 2 llewellyn at exeter.ac.uk
1. Clinical Trials Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK;
2. University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK

Emerging evidence suggests that low vitamin D concentrations are potentially involved in the pathogenesis of dementia. This is of particular interest when considering the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in elderly adults and the urgent need to identify modifiable risk factors for dementia. Studies have found that vitamin D is implicated in procognitive and neuroprotective functions, including the reduction of Alzheimer’s disease hallmarks such as amyloid beta and phosphorylated tau. Cross-sectional studies have consistently found that vitamin D concentrations are significantly lower in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease and cognitive impairment compared to healthy controls. Longitudinal studies support an association between low vitamin D concentrations and an increased risk of dementia and cognitive decline. Neuroimaging studies are beginning to uncover the potential neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular mechanisms that underlie these associations such as white matter hyperintensities and enlarged ventricular volume, although there is currently a lack of longitudinal studies. In contrast to observational studies, findings from interventional studies have produced mixed results on the benefits of vitamin D supplementation on dementia and cognitive outcomes. Interpretation of the findings from these studies is hampered by several major methodological limitations, such as small sample sizes, inadequate doses and inclusion of participants unlikely to benefit from vitamin D supplementation. There is a need for large double-blind randomised-control trials investigating whether vitamin D supplementation can halt or delay the risk of dementia-related outcomes in individuals with low vitamin D concentrations.

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How to Communicate With People Suffering From Dementia - April 2022 - nothing about Vitamin D

Wall Street Journal   PDF

• "Anne Basting says the key is to not ask questions that force those with Alzheimer’s to remember facts. Instead, focus on creative and emotional communication."

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Dementia is also associated with Magnesium

Note: increased Magnesium increases the vitamin D in the blood and cells, e.g. brain cells

• People getting 550 mg ( vs 330 mg) of magnesium in diet had brains which were 1 year younger at age 55 MDEdge April 2023   study
• Low Serum Magnesium is Associated with Incident Dementia in the ARIC-NCS Cohort - Oct 2020 1.2X PDF
• Serum magnesium is associated with the risk of dementia - 2017 BOTH high and low Mg PDF via Sci-Hub
• Association between magnesium intake and cognition in US older adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011 to 2014 - Feb 2022 PDF

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Dementia risk increased 1.5X to 1.9X: depends on type of laxative used - Feb 2023

Regular laxative use tied to increased dementia risk MDEdge

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32,000 hits for the search: dementia (latitude OR sunshine)

Google Scholar Feb 2024

• Associations between natural sunlight exposure and brain structural markers: a prospective study in the UK Biobank -2023 https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.10.12.23296944 FREE PDF
• Time spent in outdoor light is associated with the risk of dementia: a prospective cohort study of 362094 participants - April 2022 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-022-02331-2 FREE PDF
  • 1.3 increased risk if <1 hour a day of sun

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