Worse COVID during 3Q pregnancy if 2.5 ng lower Vitamin D – meta-analysis
Serum vitamin D levels and COVID-19 during pregnancy: A systematic review and meta- analysis
Clinical Nutrition ESPEN, September 2022, DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.09.008
Sadegh Mazaheri-Tehrani, Mohammad Hossein Mirzapour, Maryam Yazdi, Mohammad Fakhrolmobasheri, Amir Parsa Abhari IRAN
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Background: Serum vitamin D level is reported to be associated with the risk of incidence, and severity of COVID-19 in the general population. During pregnancy, immune system alterations in line with changes in vitamin D metabolism may affect the course of COVID-19. Thus, we aimed to systematically review the association between vitamin D, pregnancy, and COVID-19.
Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar until the end of May 2022. Mean differences (MD) with 95% CI were used as desired effect sizes to assess the association of serum vitamin D levels with risk of incidence and severity of COVID-19 in pregnant women.
Results: Among 259 records, 7 and 6 studies were included in the systematic review and metaanalysis, respectively. All included studies had acceptable quality. Our results demonstrated an insignificant difference between infected women and non-infected controls (MD =-2.55 ng/ml, 95% CI: -6.85 - 1.74). But serum vitamin D levels in severe/moderate cases compared to mild ones (MD=-2.71 ng/ml, 95% CI: -4.16 - -1.25) is significantly lower.
Conclusion: Based on the current evidence, serum vitamin D level does not associate with risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection among pregnant women, but we find a significant association with the severity the of disease. These findings may be helpful in similar conditions and future studies to better understand the complex immune alterations during pregnancy.
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