Only 3.4% of Portuguese children get vitamin D supplements (good dose taken weekly costs only 50 cents)

Created May 2024

Are sun exposure time, dietary patterns, and vitamin D intake related to the socioeconomic status of Portuguese children?

Am J Hum Biol. 2024 May 28:e24109. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.24109 PDF behind Paywall

Elizabete A Dos Santos 1, Lígia Araújo Martini Cavalheiro 1, Daniela Rodrigues 2, Aristides Machado-Rodrigues 3, Maria-Raquel Silva 2 4 5, Helena Nogueira 6, Cristina Padez 2

Vitamin D intake vs SES: 4.3% (high) 2.2% (Med), 1.5% (low) 3.4% (all)

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Objectives: To investigate the association among sun exposure time, vitamin D intake, dietary patterns, and socioeconomic status in Portuguese children.

Methods: Participants aged 3-11 years (50.1% females) were recruited from public and private schools (n = 118) in the districts of Coimbra (n = 2980), Lisbon (n = 3066), and Porto (n = 2426). Parents reported their children's daily sun exposure time during the summer season and reported children's food consumption, including vitamin D food sources, using standardized questionnaires. Parents' education level was used as a proxy measure to the socioeconomic status (SES) . The principal component factor analysis (PCA) method was used to identify dietary patterns. The eight dietary patterns identified were labeled in: "fast food", "rich in vitamin D", "sugary drinks", "vitamin D", "candies", "supplements", "rich in calcium" and "vegetables/healthy". Linear regression analyses were performed to investigate the association between sun exposure time and dietary patterns according to SES.

Results: A total of 4755 children were included. Children from high SES had significantly longer sun exposure time (p < .001) and more frequently consumed vitamin D supplements (p < .001). "Fast food" pattern showed a negative association with sun exposure time in medium and high SES (p = .014 and p < .001, respectively).

Conclusion: Children with lower SES spend less time exposed to the sun, consume fewer dietary sources of vitamin D, and consume more foods rich in fat and sugar.

A little less time in the sun if low SES

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Liquid Vitamin D nanoemulsion seems best for children - no swallowing problems, low cost

Nutrasal $25 bottle contains 2,000,000 IU of Vitamin D

If take 20,000 IU weekly (1/2 dropper), one bottle would last 100 weeks

The dose size varies with the child's weight

100 IU/kg/day is a typical recommendation

    which is 700 IU/kg/week

        20,000 IU weekly would be enough for a 28 kg infant

The Nutrasal nanoemulsion:

  • Is the lowest cost

  • Has a pleasant, somewhat sweet taste,

  • Does not need to be taken with a fatty meal

  • Can be added to water, juice, etc,

  • Can be taken sublingually if there is an upset gut

    •   or an emergency requires a fast increase in Vitamin D level
    •   such as: 4X as much just once if Influenza, COVID, pre-surgery,
  • Can be used topically for skin problems (warts, abrasions, psoriasis, wounds, etc)

VitaminDWiki - studies in both Infant-Child and Deficiency categories

This list is automatically updated

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Tags: Deficiency Infant-Child