Obese get less benefit from vaccines: influenza, hepatitis B, rabies and now COVID-19

BMI, age, and gender affect COVID-19 vaccine antibody response MDEdge

based on preprint Feb 26 - seems like only 10% or less

VitaminDWiki observes that

1) Obese have lower levels of vitamin D
2) Lower levels of vitamin D are associated with poorer immune systems

VitaminDWiki

• Virus (adeno-36) increases Obesity which then increases risk of another virus (Influenza) - Oct 2013

  Overview Obesity and Vitamin D contains the following summary

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Obesity is associated with low Vitamin D (and treated by D as well) – Aug 2019 has the following

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Flu has the following

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Web

• How obesity could create problems for a COVID vaccine Nature Oct 2020