Increased risk of early-onset Solid Cancer if family member had one: 7.3X if black, 3 X if white
Increased burden of familial-associated early-onset cancer risk among minority Americans compared to non-Latino Whites.
Elife, 22 Jun 2021, https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.64793
Background
The role of race/ethnicity in genetic predisposition of early-onset cancers can be estimated by comparing family-based cancer concordance rates among ethnic groups.
Methods
We used linked California health registries to evaluate the relative cancer risks for first-degree relatives of patients diagnosed between ages 0 and 26, and the relative risks of developing distinct second primary malignancies (SPMs) . From 1989 to 2015, we identified 29,631 cancer patients and 62,863 healthy family members. We calculated the standardized incident ratios (SIRs) of early-onset primary cancers diagnosed in proband siblings and mothers, as well as SPMs detected among early-onset patients. Analyses were stratified by self-identified race/ethnicity.
Results
Given probands with cancer, there were increased relative risks of any cancer for siblings and mothers (SIR = 3.32; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.85-3.85) and of SPMs (SIR = 7.27; 95% CI: 6.56-8.03).
Given a proband with solid cancer, both
Latinos (SIR = 4.98; 95% CI: 3.82-6.39) and
non-Latino Blacks (SIR = 7.35; 95% CI: 3.36-13.95)
exhibited significantly higher relative risk of any cancer in siblings and mothers when compared to
- non-Latino White subjects (SIR = 3.02; 95% CI: 2.12-4.16).
For hematologic cancers, higher familial risk was evident for Asian/Pacific Islanders (SIR = 7.56; 95% CI: 3.26-14.90) compared to non-Latino whites (SIR = 2.69; 95% CI: 1.62-4.20).
Conclusions
The data support a need for increased attention to the genetics of early-onset cancer predisposition and environmental factors in race/ethnic minority families in the United States.
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