Higher vitamin D during pregnancy associated with stronger hand grip at age 4
Maternal antenatal vitamin D status and offspring muscle development: findings from the Southampton Women’s Survey
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism October 31, 2013 jc.2013-3241
Nicholas C. Harvey1,2,, Rebecca J. Moon1,3,, Avan Aihie Sayer1, Georgia Ntani1, Justin H. Davies3, M Kassim Javaid4, Sian M. Robinson1, Keith M. Godfrey1,2, Hazel M. Inskip1, Cyrus Cooper1,2,4,
The Southampton Women's Survey Study Group
1 MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Tremona Rd, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK;
2 NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Rd, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK;
3 Paediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Rd, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK;
4 NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopedic Centre, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7HE
Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Prof Cyrus Cooper FMedSci, Professor of Rheumatology and Director, MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, Tel: 023 80 777624, Fax: 023 80 704021, Email: cc@mrc.soton.ac.
Context: Maternal 25-hydroxy-vitamin D [25(OH)D] status in pregnancy has been associated with offspring bone development and adiposity. Vitamin D has also been implicated in postnatal muscle function but little is known about a role for antenatal 25(OH)D exposure in programming muscle development.
Objective: We investigated the associations between maternal plasma 25(OH)D status at 34 weeks gestation and offspring lean mass and muscle strength at 4 years of age.
Design and setting: A prospective UK population-based mother-offspring cohort: the Southampton Women’s Survey (SWS).
Participants: 12583 non-pregnant women were initially recruited into SWS, of which 3159 had singleton pregnancies. 678 mother-child pairs were included in this analysis.
Main Outcomes Measured: At 4 years of age, offspring assessments included hand grip strength (Jamar Dynamometer) and whole body DXA (Hologic Discovery) yielding lean mass and % lean mass. Physical activity was assessed by 7-day accelerometry (Actiheart) in a subset of children (n=326).
Results: Maternal serum 25(OH)D concentration in pregnancy was positively associated with offspring height-adjusted hand grip strength (β=0.10 SD/SD, p=0.013) , which persisted after adjustment for maternal confounding factors, duration of breastfeeding and child’s physical activity at 4 years (β=0.13 SD/SD, p=0.014). Maternal 25(OH)D was also positively associated with offspring %lean mass (β=0.11 SD/SD, p=0.006), but not total lean mass (β=0.06, p=0.15). This however did not persist after adjustment for confounding factors (β=0.09 SD/SD, p=0.11).
Conclusions: This observational study suggests that intrauterine exposure to 25(OH)D during late pregnancy might influence offspring muscle development through an effect primarily on muscle strength rather than muscle mass.
References
1. Bischoff, HA, , Borchers, M, , Gudat, F, , . In situ detection of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor in human skeletal muscle tissue. Histochem J. 2001;33:19–24. [CrossRef] [Medline]
2. Geusens, P, , Vandevyver, C, , Vanhoof, J, , Cassiman, JJ, , Boonen, S, , Raus, J, . Quadriceps and grip strength are related to vitamin D receptor genotype in elderly nonobese women. J Bone Miner Res. 1997;12:2082–2088. [CrossRef] [Medline]
3. Crocombe, S, , Mughal, MZ, , Berry, JL, . Symptomatic vitamin D deficiency among non-Caucasian adolescents living in the United Kingdom. Arch Dis Child. 2004;89:197–199. [CrossRef] [Medline]
4. van der Heyden, JJ, , Verrips, A, , ter Laak, HJ, , Otten, B, , Fiselier, T, . Hypovitaminosis D-related myopathy in immigrant teenagers. Neuropediatrics. 2004;35:290–292. [CrossRef] [Medline]
5. Ward, KA, , Das, G, , Berry, JL, , . Vitamin D status and muscle function in post-menarchal adolescent girls. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009;94:559–563. [Abstract] [Medline]
6. Houston, DK, , Cesari, M, , Ferrucci, L, , . Association between vitamin D status and physical performance: the InCHIANTI study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2007;62:440–446. [CrossRef] [Medline]
7. Stockton, KA, , Mengersen, K, , Paratz, JD, , Kandiah, D, , Bennell, KL, . Effect of vitamin D supplementation on muscle strength: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int. 2011;22:859–871. [Medline]
8. Muir, SW, , Montero-Odasso, M, . Effect of vitamin D supplementation on muscle strength, gait and balance in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011;59:2291–2300. [CrossRef] [Medline]
9. Crozier, SR, , Harvey, NC, , Inskip, HM, , Godfrey, KM, , Cooper, C, , Robinson, SM, . Maternal vitamin D status in pregnancy is associated with adiposity in the offspring: findings from the Southampton Women's Survey. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012;96:57–63. [CrossRef] [Medline]
10. Krishnaveni, GV, , Veena, SR, , Winder, NR, , . Maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy and body composition and cardiovascular risk markers in Indian children: the Mysore Parthenon Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011;93:628–635. [CrossRef] [Medline]
11. Javaid, MK, , Crozier, SR, , Harvey, NC, , . Maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy and childhood bone mass at age 9 years: a longitudinal study. Lancet. 2006;367:36–43. [CrossRef] [Medline]
12. Sayers, A, , Tobias, JH, . Estimated maternal ultraviolet B exposure levels in pregnancy influence skeletal development of the child. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009;94:765–771. [Abstract] [Medline]
13. Viljakainen, HT, , Korhonen, T, , Hytinantti, T, , . Maternal vitamin D status affects bone growth in early childhood—a prospective cohort study. Osteoporos Int. 2011;22:883–891. [CrossRef] [Medline]
14. Sayer, AA, , Syddall, HE, , Dennison, EM, , . Birth weight, weight at 1 y of age, and body composition in older men: findings from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;80:199–203. [Medline]
15. Rogers, IS, , Ness, AR, , Steer, CD, , . Associations of size at birth and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measures of lean and fat mass at 9 to 10 y of age. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;84:739–747. [Medline]
16. Loos, RJ, , Beunen, G, , Fagard, R, , Derom, C, , Vlietinck, R, . Birth weight and body composition in young adult men—a prospective twin study. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2001;25:1537–1545. [CrossRef] [Medline]
17. Loos, RJ, , Beunen, G, , Fagard, R, , Derom, C, , Vlietinck, R, . Birth weight and body composition in young women: a prospective twin study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;75:676–682. [Medline]
18. Yliharsila, H, , Kajantie, E, , Osmond, C, , Forsen, T, , Barker, DJ, , Eriksson, JG, . Birth size, adult body composition and muscle strength in later life. Int J Obes (Lond). 2007;31:1392–1399. [CrossRef] [Medline]
19. Sayer, AA, , Dennison, EM, , Syddall, HE, , Jameson, K, , Martin, HJ, , Cooper, C, . The developmental origins of sarcopenia: using peripheral quantitative computed tomography to assess muscle size in older people. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2008;63:835–840. [CrossRef] [Medline]
20. Inskip, HM, , Godfrey, KM, , Martin, HJ, , Simmonds, SJ, , Cooper, C, , Sayer, AA, . Size at birth and its relation to muscle strength in young adult women. J Intern Med. 2007;262:368–374. [CrossRef] [Medline]
21. Dodds, R, , Denison, HJ, , Ntani, G, , . Birth weight and muscle strength: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Nutr Health Aging. 2012;16:609–615. [CrossRef] [Medline]
22. Inskip, HM, , Godfrey, KM, , Robinson, SM, , Law, CM, , Barker, DJ, , Cooper, C, . Cohort profile: the Southampton Women's Survey. Int J Epidemiol. 2006;35:42–48. [CrossRef] [Medline]
23. Goulding, A, , Jones, IE, , Taylor, RW, , Williams, SM, , Manning, PJ, . Bone mineral density and body composition in boys with distal forearm fractures: a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry study. J Pediatr. 2001;139:509–515. [CrossRef] [Medline]
24. Brunton, JA, , Weiler, HA, , Atkinson, SA, . Improvement in the accuracy of dual energy x-ray absorptiometry for whole body and regional analysis of body composition: validation using piglets and methodologic considerations in infants. Pediatr Res. 1997;41:590–596. [CrossRef] [Medline]
25. Gordon, CM, , Bachrach, LK, , Carpenter, TO, , . Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry interpretation and reporting in children and adolescents: the 2007 ISCD Pediatric Official Positions. J Clin Densitom. 2008;11:43–58. [CrossRef] [Medline]
26. Roberts, HC, , Denison, HJ, , Martin, HJ, , . A review of the measurement of grip strength in clinical and epidemiological studies: towards a standardised approach. Age Ageing. 2011;40:423–429. [CrossRef] [Medline]
27. van den Beld, WA, , van der Sanden, GA, , Sengers, RC, , Verbeek, AL, , Gabreëls, FJ, . Validity and reproducibility of hand-held dynamometry in children aged 4–11 years. J Rehabil Med. 2006;38:57–64. [CrossRef] [Medline]
28. Svensson, E, , Waling, K, , Häger-Ross, C, . Grip strength in children: test-retest reliability using Grippit. Acta Paediatr. 2008;97:1226–1231. [CrossRef] [Medline]
29. Harvey, NC, , Cole, ZA, , Crozier, SR, , . Physical activity, calcium intake and childhood bone mineral: a population-based cross-sectional study. Osteoporos Int. 2012;23:121–130. [CrossRef] [Medline]
30. Schulz, KF, , Grimes, DA, . Multiplicity in randomised trials I: endpoints and treatments. Lancet. 2005;365:1591–1595. [CrossRef] [Medline]
31. Gutiérrez, OM, , Farwell, WR, , Kermah, D, , Taylor, EN, . Racial differences in the relationship between vitamin D, bone mineral density, and parathyroid hormone in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Osteoporos Int. 2011;22:1745–1753. [CrossRef] [Medline]
32. Visser, M, , Schaap, LA, . Consequences of sarcopenia. Clin Geriatr Med. 2011;27:387–399. [CrossRef] [Medline]
33. Yoshikawa, S, , Nakamura, T, , Tanabe, H, , Imamura, T, . Osteomalacic myopathy. Endocrinol Jpn. 1979;26:65–72. [CrossRef] [Medline]
34. Sato, Y, , Iwamoto, J, , Kanoko, T, , Satoh, K, . Low-dose vitamin D prevents muscular atrophy and reduces falls and hip fractures in women after stroke: a randomized controlled trial. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2005;20:187–192. [CrossRef] [Medline]
35. Gilsanz, V, , Kremer, A, , Mo, AO, , Wren, TA, , Kremer, R, . Vitamin D status and its relation to muscle mass and muscle fat in young women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95:1595–1601. [Abstract] [Medline]
36. Manini, TM, , Clark, BC, , Nalls, MA, , . Reduced physical activity increases intermuscular adipose tissue in healthy young adults. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;85:377–384. [Medline]
37. Goodpaster, BH, , Carlson, CL, , Visser, M, , . Attenuation of skeletal muscle and strength in the elderly: The Health ABC Study. J Appl Physiol. 2001;90:2157–2165. [Medline]
38. Glore, SR, , Layman, DK, . Cellular development of skeletal muscle during early periods of nutritional restriction and subsequent rehabilitation. Pediatr Res. 1983;17:602–605. [CrossRef] [Medline]
39. Greenwood, PL, , Hunt, AS, , Hermanson, JW, , Bell, AW, . Effects of birth weight and postnatal nutrition on neonatal sheep: II. Skeletal muscle growth and development. J Anim Sci. 2000;78:50–61. [Medline]
40. Costello, PM, , Rowlerson, A, , Astaman, NA, , . Peri-implantation and late gestation maternal undernutrition differentially affect fetal sheep skeletal muscle development. J Physiol. 2008;586:2371–2379. [CrossRef] [Medline]
41. Gabel, L, , Obeid, J, , Nguyen, T, , Proudfoot, NA, , Timmons, BW, . Short-term muscle power and speed in preschoolers exhibit stronger tracking than physical activity. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2011;36:939–945. [CrossRef] [Medline]
42. Da Silva, SP, , Beunen, G, , Prista, A, , Maia, J, . Short-term tracking of performance and health-related physical fitness in girls: the Healthy Growth in Cariri Study. J Sports Sci. 2013;31:104–113. [CrossRef] [Medline]
43. Taeymans, J, , Clarys, P, , Abidi, H, , Hebbelinck, M, , Duquet, W, . Developmental changes and predictability of static strength in individuals of different maturity: a 30-year longitudinal study. J Sports Sci. 2009;27:833–841. [CrossRef] [Medline]
44. Maia, JA, , Beunen, G, , Lefevre, J, , Claessens, AL, , Renson, R, , Vanreusel, B, . Modeling stability and change in strength development: a study in adolescent boys. Am J Hum Biol. 2003;15:579–591. [CrossRef] [Medline]
45. Wright, CM, , Emmett, PM, , Ness, AR, , Reilly, JJ, , Sherriff, A, . Tracking of obesity and body fatness through mid-childhood. Arch Dis Child. 2010;95:612–617. [CrossRef] [Medline]
46. Cheng, S, , Volgyi, E, , Tylavsky, FA, , . Trait-specific tracking and determinants of body composition: a 7-year follow-up study of pubertal growth in girls. BMC Med. 2009;7:5. [CrossRef] [Medline]
47. Harvey, NC, , Mahon, PA, , Kim, M, , . Intrauterine growth and postnatal skeletal development: findings from the Southampton Women's Survey. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2012;26:34–44. [CrossRef] [Medline]
48. Cooper, C, , Fielding, R, , Visser, M, , . Tools in the assessment of sarcopenia. Calcif Tissue Int. 2013;93:201–210. [CrossRef] [Medline]
49. Cooper, R, , Kuh, D, , Hardy, R, . Objectively measured physical capability levels and mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2010;341:c4467. [CrossRef] [Medline]
50. Edwards, MH, , Gregson, CL, , Patel, HP, , . Muscle size, strength and physical performance and their associations with bone structure in the Hertfordshire Cohort Study. J Bone Miner Res. 2013;28(11):2295–2304. [CrossRef] [Medline]
51. Harvey, NC, , Javaid, K, , Bishop, N, , . MAVIDOS Maternal Vitamin D Osteoporosis Study: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. The MAVIDOS Study Group. Trials. 2012;13:13. [CrossRef] [Medline]
52. Harvey, NC, , Cooper, C, . Vitamin D: some perspective please. BMJ. 2012;345:e4695. [CrossRef] [Medline]
See also VitaminDWiki
- Overview Pregnancy and vitamin D which has the following summary
- {include}