COVID and CVD deadly pandemics share a risk factor: low vitamin D

Vitamin D: The Missing Nutrient Behind the Two Deadly Pandemics, COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Diseases

Cureus 14(4): e24133. doi:10.7759/cureus.24133

Abhishek Singh, Anusha Chidharla, Kriti Agarwal, Priyanka Singh, Nidhi Jain, Gashaw Hassen, Salwa Abdelwahed, Renu Bhandari, Kajal Patel, Sachin Gupta, Thoyaja Koritala, Rizwan Rabbani

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is claiming millions of lives and creating an additional burden on health care, which is already affected by the rise of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The scientific community, on the other side, is enormously engaged with studies to best identify the characteristics of the virus and minimize its effect while supporting the fight to contain NCDs, mainly cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which are contributing hugely to the global death toll. Hence, the roles of vitamin D in COVID-19 immunity and cardiovascular health are gaining traction recently.

This literature review will mainly focus on summarizing pertinent studies and scientific publications which highlight the association of vitamin D levels with the various outcomes of COVID-19 and CVDs. It will also address how low vitamin D correlates with the epidemiology of CVDs and the inflammatory mechanisms attributed to COVID-19 severity. We believe that our review may open up hindsight perspectives and further discussions among the physicians in tapping the potential of vitamin D supplementation to tackle the morbidity, mortality, and health care cost of the two deadly diseases, COVID-19 and CVDs.

Sections in the PDF

• Vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19 mortality due to cytokine storm

• The interplay between vitamin D and COVID-19 immunity

• Vitamin D and cardiovascular diseases

• Vitamin D and acute respiratory infections

• Vitamin D supplementation and clinical outcome of COVID-19 patients

• Immunologic mechanisms behind cytokine storm in COVID-19

• Low vitamin D evident as a risk and predictor of COVID-19 severity

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