Blood–brain barrier dysfunction in multiple sclerosis (improved by vitamin D, etc.)

Created December 2023

Blood–brain barrier dysfunction in multiple sclerosis: causes, consequences, and potential effects of therapies

Lancet January, 2024DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(23)00377-0 PDF behind paywall

Bettina Zierfuss, PhD, Catherine Larochelle, MD PhD, Prof Alexandre Prat, MD PhD

Summary

Established by brain endothelial cells, the blood–brain barrier (BBB) regulates the trafficking of molecules, restricts immune cell entry into the CNS, and has an active role in neurovascular coupling (the regulation of cerebral blood flow to support neuronal activity). In the early stages of multiple sclerosis, around the time of symptom onset, inflammatory BBB damage is accompanied by pathogenic immune cell infiltration into the CNS. In the later stages of multiple sclerosis, dysregulation of neurovascular coupling is associated with grey matter atrophy.

Genetic and environmental factors associated with multiple sclerosis, including

  • dietary habits,

  • the gut microbiome,

  • and vitamin D concentrations,

might contribute directly and indirectly to brain endothelial cell dysfunction. Damage to brain endothelial cells leads to an influx of deleterious molecules into the CNS, accelerating leakage across the BBB. Potential future therapeutic approaches might help to prevent BBB damage (eg, monoclonal antibodies targeting cell adhesion molecules and fibrinogen) and help to repair BBB dysfunction (eg, mesenchymal stromal cells) in people with multiple sclerosis.

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31,600 hits for "blood brain barrier" "vitamin d" in Google Scholar - April 2025

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  • Active form of vitamin D directly protects the blood–brain barrier in multiple sclerosis- August 2017 https://doi.org/10.1111/cen3.12398 FREE PDF

  • Full spectrum of vitamin D immunomodulation in multiple sclerosis: mechanisms and therapeutic implications - June 2022 https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcac171 FREE PDF

    • "In this review, we focus on recent published data describing the biological effects of Vitamin D in animal models of multiple sclerosis on immune cells, blood–brain barrier function, activation of glial cells and its potential neuroprotective effects."

  • The Role of Vitamin D in Neuroprotection in Multiple Sclerosis: An Update - June 2023 https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15132978 FREE PDF

  • Intranasal administration of vitamin D attenuates blood–brain barrier disruption through endogenous upregulation of osteopontin and activation of CD44/P-gp glycosylation signaling after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats - Oct 2016 https://doi.org/10.1177/0271678X16671147 FREE PDF

    • Note: VitaminDWiki has been successfully experimenting in inhaing Vitamin D since about 2015

VitaminDWiki – Multiple Sclerosis 32 percent less likely among those with more than 32 ng of vitamin D – Dec 2019

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VitaminDWiki – Overview MS and vitamin D contains

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Tags: Multiple Sclerosis