Osteopenia in 40 percent of Indian women

Created May 2018

Prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia in an apparently healthy Indian population - a cross-sectional retrospective study

Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.afos.2018.04.002, online 5 May 2018

Neelam Kaushala, , Divya Vohoraa, , , Rajinder K. Jalalib, Sujeet Jhac, ,

From a health checkup by high income Indian women – average age 50 Based on measurement of Bone-Mineral-Density (BMD) They found strong associations of osteopenia with 1. Smoking 1. Alcohol 1. Little exercise The study did not look for any association of osteopenia with 1. Excessive clothing 1. Low Magnesium 1. Low Vitamin K The study did not find an association of Vitamin D and osteopenia --- 1. See also VitaminDWiki * Overview Fractures and vitamin D * Vitamin D, K2, Magnesium, etc increase bone density when taking together– Jan 2012 * Vitamin K2 from natto improved bone mineral density – March 2011 - has many K2 and Bone studies * Vitamin K-2 (180 ug MK-7) helped both bone density and strength – RCT March 2013 * Bone strength (more accurate than BMD) is inversely associated with vitamin D level – May 2015 * Long bone fracture – prediction by low vitamin D is better than low BMD – Sept 2014 * Hip fracture 58 percent more likely if low vitamin D – meta-analysis March 2017 * Vitamin D and fractures – 24 meta-analyses and counting – Dec 2014 * Degeneration of lumbar disc 2.5 X more likely if poor Vitamin D receptor (not detected by test) Feb 2018 * Note A poor Vitamin D Receptor is NOT noticed by a Vitamin D test * Osteoporosis 4X more likely if poor gut (probably poor vitamin D absorption) – Aug 2017 Some countries have been increasing Vitamin D taken have found decreased bone problems * Vitamin D levels increasing 7 percent per year, bones denser in Japan (probably supplementation) - June 2015 * 20X increase in vitamin D sold and 36 percent decrease in osteoporosis business in Australia – Nov 2013 1. Overview Osteoporosis and vitamin D contains the following summary {include} 1. Osteoporosis category includes the following {include}

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Note the huge decrease in osteopenia/osteoporosis for those aged 70+
Suspect the decrease is due to

  1. Death due to hip fracture

  2. Less able to get to hospital for health checkup

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Objectives

An understanding of bone mineral density (BMD) pattern in a population is crucial for prevention and diagnosis of osteoporosis and management of its complications in later life. This study aimed to screen the bone health status and factors associated with osteoporosis in an apparently healthy Indian population.

Methods

A retrospective review of medical records was done in a tertiary-care hospital for the subjects who had undergone preventive health-check-ups that included BMD measurements at femur-neck, total-femur, and lumbar-spine.

Results

We evaluated 524 subjects (age, 50.0 ± 12.4 years) including 41.2% female and 58.8% male subjects. Osteoporosis was present in 6.9% subjects (female, 11.1%; male, 4.2%) and osteopenia in 34% subjects (female, 40.3%; male, 29.9%). Absolute BMD was higher in male subjects (P < 0.001) compared to female subjects at all bone sites. Prevalence of osteoporosis increased with age in female subjects, but not in male subjects.

Osteoporosis rates in the age-groups of 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, and ≥70 years were 3%, 3.4%, 14.3%, 18.6%, and 36.4%, respectively in female subjects while prevalence in male subjects was 0%, 4%, 6.5%, 4.3%, and 5.6%, respectively, at lumbar spine. Height (r = 0.234–0.358), weight (r = 0.305–0.388), body mass index (r = 0.143–0.285) and physical activity (r = 0.136–0.153) were positively; and alkaline phosphatase (r = −0.133 to −0.203) was negatively correlated with BMD (all P < 0.01) at all sites. These parameters retained significant correlation after controlling for age and sex. No correlation of serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin-D and calcium was noted with BMD (P > 0.05) at any site.

Conclusions

Further data on absolute BMD, T scores, and prevalence rates of osteoporosis/osteopenia on multiple bone sites have been presented in this article.

Tags: Osteoporosis