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Vitamin D benefits Matrix - Examine May 2013

From Examine.com

In addition to the Vitamin D matrix, below, Examine has information on many other supplements As of May 2013 their popular supplements were: Fish Oil (725 references), Creatine (471 references), Caffeine (403 references), Agmatine (349 references), Vitamin D (301 references) Coenzyme Q10 (301 references), Melatonin (296 references), Berberine (282 references), Nicotine (255 references), Whey Protein (251 references) Sodium Bicarbonate (247 references), L-Carnitine (246 references)

Grade

Level of Evidence
A Robust research conducted with repeated double blind clinical trials
B Multiple studies where at least two are double-blind and placebo controlled
C Single double blind study or multiple cohort studies
D Uncontrolled or observational studies only

Level of Evidence Effect Change Magnitude of Effect Size Scientific Consensus Comments
A Risk of Falls  
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Notable

The risk of falls in the elderly (and subsequently, rate of bone fractures) appears to be significantly reduced with Vitamin D supplementation at 700 IU or greater, with... show

A Cardiovascular Disease Risk  
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Minor

There appears to be less risk of cardiovascular disease and related cardiovascular complications with supplementation of 1,000 IU of Vitamin D or higher serum levels of... show

B Colorectal Cancer Risk  
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Notable

The association between serum Vitamin D at 37ng/mL and colorectal cancer is is approximately a halving of risk according to one meta-analysis, which is a notable risk reduction

B Bone Fracture Risk  
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Minor

A decrease in bone fracture risk (nonvetebral and hip) appears to exist when supplemental doses of Vitamin D3 are taken above 800 IU, with this protective effect being... show

B Blood Pressure  
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Minor

Both correlational and intervention studies note that higher cohorts of serum Vitamin D have less blood pressure than lower cohorts, establishing a role for Vitamin D in... show

B Parathyroid Hormone  
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Strong

Vitamin D supplementation is the reference drug for reductions in parathyroid hormone due to directly negatively regulating its secretion

B Fat Mass  
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Minor

Mixed effects on overweight/obese persons, but it appears that normalizing a deficiency may aid fat loss in persons of higher body weight. Insufficient evidence to suggest... show

C All-Cause Mortality  
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Minor

Cohorts of people with higher serum Vitamin D appear to die less frequently than cohorts with less serum Vitamin D; this may be heavily influenced by reducing falls in... show

C Insulin Secretion  
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Minor

An improvement in insulin secretion is noted in diabetics (type II mostly) and in persons at risk for diabetes, which is thought to be secondary to protective effects at... show

C Insulin Sensitivity  
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Minor

Improvements in insulin sensitivity can occur secondary to increasing pancreatic insulin secretion

C Weight    

No significant alterations noted in weight, even when fat mass is lost, in obese persons

C Triglycerides  
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Minor

The decrease in triglycerides is present after long term ingestion of Vitamin D, although it isn't to a highly significant degree

C TNF-Alpha  
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Minor

A decrease has been noted over time relative to placebo, of relatively minor magnitude

C LDL-C  
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Minor

Either no significant influence on LDL cholesterol or a slight increase (around 5%) has been noted; practical significance of this information unknown

C Metabolic Rate    

No detectable influence on metabolic rate over time

C Influenza  
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Minor

May reduce the risk of catching the flu

C Asthma Attacks  
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Minor

Persons with higher serum vitamin D appear to have less frequency asthmatic attacks relative to persons with lower Vitamin D levels

C Testosterone  
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Minor

An increase in testosterone has been noted in men with 3,332 IU of Vitamin D over the course of a year

C Functionality in Elderly or Injured  
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Notable

An improvement in muscular and neural functionality in the elderly is thought to underlie the reductions of fall risk and reduced bone fracture rate seen in elderly cohorts

C HbA1c    

The decrease in HbA1c is statistically insignificant and very small in magnitude, likely not a concern.

C Interleukin 5  
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Minor

An increase in IL-5 has been noted with Vitamin D supplementation

C Lean Mass  
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Minor

An increase in lean mass has been noted in dieting obese women relative to control (2,000IU) and a trend to reduce lean mass relative to control has been noted in exercising... show

C Food Intake    

No significant alterations in food intake noted with Vitamin D supplementation

C Endothelial Function    

No significant influence on endothelial function

C Inflammation    

No significant influence on select inflammatory cytokines

C Calcium Absorption    

Superloading Vitamin D (rather than staying sufficient) does not appear to further increase absorption rates of calcium, although normalizing a deficiency can aid in absorption... show

C Symptoms of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus  
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Minor

Inflammatory symptoms associated with Lupus appear to be reduced with Vitamin D ingestion

C Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Risk    

Lack of efficacy in reducing rate of sickness

C Height  
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Minor

A higher vitamin D level in serum during growth spurts in children is associated with greater heights during adulthood; currently no evidence to support the role of Vitamin... show

C Symptoms of Tubercolosis  
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Minor

A decrease in symptoms associated with tuberculosis are noted with Vitamin D

C Insulin    

No significant influence on fasting insulin levels

C Blood glucose    

No significant influence on fasting blood glucose levels

C Power Output    

Although a trend to increase power output has been noted, most research suggest no such benefit

D Risk of Multiple Sclerosis  
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Notable

The risk of developing MS is significantly reduced by both sunlight, latitude, and supplemental Vitamin D

D Breast Cancer Risk  
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Minor

There is less risk of breast cancer associated with Vitamin D supplementation

D Pancreatic Cancer Risk  
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Minor

Appears to be associated with less risk of pancreatic cancer

D Arthralgia  
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Minor

May reduce symptoms of athralgia

D Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes  
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Minor

May reduce the incidence of type 1 diabetes in offspring and adults when supplemented (for the former, but the mothers)

D Symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis  
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Minor

There appears to be a lower relapse rate in multiple sclerosis patients when Vitamin D is present at higher concentrations