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Vitamin D 30 percent more available at breakfast which had high fat content – Nov 2014

Dietary Fat Increases Vitamin D-3 Absorption

Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2014.09.014
Bess Dawson-Hughes, MD bess.dawson-hughes at tufts.edu, Susan S. Harris, DSc, Alice H. Lichtenstein, DSc, Gregory Dolnikowski, PhD, Nancy J. Palermo, Helen Rasmussen, PhD, RD

VitaminDWiki Summary

Measured response to 50,000 IU vitamin D with 3 types of breakfasts
High fat breakfast resulted in 1/3 higher response to the same dose of vitamin D

Abstract does not indicate

  1. The form of Vitamin D: oil, powder, etc. (powder is better)
  2. If the Vitamin D was eaten before, during, or after the meal ( later is better)
  3. What the outcome might be for evening meal as compared to breakfast
    Vitamin D is about 3X times longer in the small intestine after evening meal
    Perhaps more bio-available because the fatty breakfast stayed in the gut longer

See also VitaminDWiki

Background
The plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D response to supplementation with vitamin D varies widely, but vitamin D absorption differences based on diet composition is poorly understood.

Objectives
We tested the hypotheses that absorption of vitamin D-3 is greater when the supplement is taken with a meal containing fat than with a fat-free meal and that absorption is greater when the fat in the meal has a higher monounsaturated-to-polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio (MUFA:PUFA).

Design
Open, three-group, single-dose vitamin D-3 comparative absorption experiment.

Participants/setting
Our 1-day study was conducted in 50 healthy older men and women who were randomly assigned to one of three meal groups: fat-free meal, and a meal with 30% of calories as fat with a low (1:4) and one with a high (4:1) MUFA:PUFA. After a 12-hour fast, all subjects took a single 50,000 IU vitamin D-3 supplement with their test breakfast meal.

Main outcome measures
Plasma vitamin D-3 was measured by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry before and 10, 12 (the expected peak), and 14 hours after the dose.

Statistical analyses performed
Means were compared with two-tailed t tests for independent samples. Group differences in vitamin D-3 absorption across the measurement time points were examined by analysis of variance with the repeated measures subcommand of the general linear models procedure.

Results
The mean peak (12-hour) plasma vitamin D-3 level after the dose was 32% (95% CI 11% to 52%) greater in subjects consuming fat-containing compared with fat-free meals (P=0.003). Absorption did not differ significantly at any time point in the high and low MUFA and PUFA groups.

Conclusions
The presence of fat in a meal with which a vitamin D-3 supplement is taken significantly enhances absorption of the supplement, but the MUFA:PUFA of the fat in that meal does not influence its absorption.