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Vitamin A and dioxin-like compounds in fish liver, etc may block vitamin D – July 2012

Fish liver and seagull eggs, vitamin D-rich foods with a shadow: results from the Norwegian Fish and Game Study.

Mol Nutr Food Res. 2012 Mar;56(3):388-98. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201100395. Epub 2012 Feb 8.
Birgisdottir BE, Brantsaeter AL, Kvalem HE, Knutsen HK, Haugen M, Alexander J, Hetland RB, Aksnes L, Meltzer HM.
Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway. bryndis.eva.birgisdottir at fhi.no

SCOPE: Fish liver, fish liver oil, oily fish and seagull eggs have been major sources of vitamin D for the coastal population of Norway. They also provide dioxin and polychlorinated dioxin-like compounds (dl-compounds), which may interfere with vitamin D homeostasis. We investigated whether serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) might be compromised by concomitant intake of dl-compounds.

METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied 182 adults participating in the Norwegian Fish and Game Study. Participants who consumed fish liver and/or seagull eggs had higher dl-compound intake and blood concentrations than non-consumers (p < 0.001).

Vitamin D intake was higher (p < 0.001), whereas serum 25(OH)D was lower (p = 0.029) in consumers than in non-consumers.

Among non-consumers, vitamin D intake was associated with serum 25(OH)D (?=1.06; 95% CI: 0.48, 1.63). This association was weaker among consumers (? = 0.52; 95% CI: -0.05, 1.08), but strengthened when adjusted for retinol intake (? = 0.66; 95% CI: 0.12, 1.21). The association between vitamin D intake and serum 25(OH)D did not seem to be compromised by intake of dl-compounds.

CONCLUSION: To secure adequate vitamin D status while keeping the intake of dioxins and dl-polychlorinated biphenyls low, a healthy diet should include both supplemental vitamin D and oily fish.
Despite high nutrient content, dietary fish liver and seagull eggs should be restricted, due to dl-compounds and possible vitamin A-D antagonism.

Copyright © 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

PMID: 22319024
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  • Wikipedia dioxin-like compounds
    are by-products of various industrial processes,
    are commonly regarded as highly toxic compounds that are environmental pollutants and persistent organic pollutants